Suchergebnisse

Frontmatter -- Inhalt -- Vorwort -- 1. Einleitung -- 2. Herausforderungen der Kokshochofentechnologie -- 3. Geologische Aufnahmen, Versuche und die Kontur des Rohstoffs -- 4. Angepasste Produktionsverfahren -- 5. Schließungsprozesse und Selbstbindungen -- 6. Von der »Bessemerei« zum »Thomasieren« -- 7. Versorgungsrisiken und vertikale Integration -- 8. Ausweitung des Kalksteinabbaus -- 9. Mechanisierung der Steinbrüche -- 10. Gefahren und Arbeitssicherheit -- 11. Soziale und ökologische Folgen -- 12. Renaturierung -- 13. Schlussbemerkungen -- Quellen- und Literaturverzeichnis

Abstract
Limestone, a resource that was needed to smelt iron ore and to produce steel, became an object of competition between industrialists of the Ruhr around 1900. The making and transformation of spatial relations was crucial to the process of gaining exclusive access to the resource. First, images of the underground terrain, namely the identification and delineation of limestone deposits, were variable and subject to negotiation – albeit bound to physical space through procedures of surveying and chemical analysis. Second, the changing structure of real-estate property constituted new spatial relations. As limestone companies bought up property from local farmers, the social implications of land ownership slowly eroded. Instead, the spatial structure of property was reorganized around safeguarding an exclusive and unrestricted access to limestone deposits. Third, the companies' interventions transformed spatial relations by realigning infrastructures and restricting potentially conflicting uses of land. In the end, they also transformed much of the physical space by expanding quarries in unprecedented dimensions. All these processes were driven and shaped in a highly competitive setting in which not only competing companies but also the local populace gained decisive influence. The aim of this case study is to show that space was not a fixed "container" in which companies and locals pursued their economic interests. Rather, spatial relations were brought about, and hence made, amid the competition for the resource as these relations became the precondition for resource extraction.

ABSTRACT:Urban development corresponds with economic shifts. In the second half of the twentieth century, when traditional forms of industrial production declined in many western cities, this posed new kinds of challenges. Cities were in need of a new economic base and at the same time had to cope with the abandonment of industrial sites. This article highlights the agency of local societies in shaping this process of deindustrialization and redevelopment. It interprets deindustrialization and redevelopment as a process of transformation which was open-ended and a matter of intense negotiation between diverging interests at the local level. In analysing the highly contentious case of the disused Stollwerck chocolate factory in Cologne, the article traces a complex set of site-specific factors of deindustrialization and redevelopment.

Untersuchungen zur westdeutschen Hausbesetzerszene der frühen 1980er Jahre sind noch rar und methodisch zumeist auf die Medienberichterstattung beschränkt. Der Beitrag zeigt, wie die Spannbreite der Forschung zu Protest und neuen sozialen Bewegungen mit Hilfe mikrohistorischer Methoden erweitert werden kann. Das hier vorgestellte Fallbeispiel, die Hausbesetzerbewegung in der Stadt Hilden, erlaubt zwei Schlussfolgerungen. Zunächst einmal lassen sich drei Aspekte unterscheiden: Proteste gegen Stadtplanung und die Erneuerung der Innenstädte, Hausbesetzungen als Reaktion auf Wohnungsnot sowie der Wunsch, autonome Gemeinschaften aufzubauen. Die Reihenfolge der drei Aspekte entspricht dem persönlichen Engagement der Hausbesetzer und der Eskalation des Konflikts. Die zweite Schlussfolgerung betrifft die Inkonsistenzen im Handeln der Behörden. Die Schwierigkeiten in der Beurteilung der Strafwürdigkeit der legitimen, aber illegalen Aktionen der Hausbesetzer machten die Politik widersprüchlich und willkürlich, was wiederum Rückwirkungen auf den Verlauf des Konflikts hatte. (ICEÜbers)

Abstract
Space, and access to resource deposits in particular, is a central theme of studies in economic history. However, new approaches to the theory of space that highlight the relations between people, places and things as constituents of multiple and dynamic spaces, have so far rarely been systematically applied to questions relating to resource economies. By referring to spaces of resource extraction as "sites", this introductory article develops the notion that spaces in which resources are accessed, distributed and consumed are not a fixed and pregiven category, but exist in dynamic spatial relations. These spatial relations can be made up of perceptions and images, such as geological knowledge or spheres of interests, social structures, such as in the distribution of real-estate property and in power relations, or they can be established by the expansion of infrastructures and by terms of trade. They also pertain to the physical properties of the resources themselves, especially when considering the environmental impact of extraction. All of these spatial relations are highly variable and change historically in interdependence with the dynamics of resource extraction.

In history, cities and nature are often treated as two separate fields of research. »Concepts of Urban-Environmental History« aims to bridge this gap. The contributions to this volume survey major concepts and key issues which have shaped recent debates in the field. They address unresolved questions and future challenges. As a handbook, the collection offers a comprehensive overview for researchers and students, both from a historical and an interdisciplinary background.

In history, cities and nature are often treated as two separate fields of research. "Concepts of Urban-Environmental History" aims to bridge this gap. The contributions to this volume survey major concepts and key issues which have shaped recent debates in the field. They address unresolved questions and future challenges. As a handbook, the collection offers a comprehensive overview for researchers and students, both from a historical and an interdisciplinary background